Car Engines - Their History

The main purpose of the internal combustion engine is to produce mechanical power from the chemical energy in fuel. To do this, energy is released by burning the fuel inside the engine. 

Since their invention, internal combustion engines became very successful. These engines were simple, rugged, had a high power/weight ratio. As a result, internal combustion engines were used on land, sea, and air. 

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The first main type of internal combustion engine was developed around the 1860s. One of the first successful internal combustion engines was developed by J.J.E. Lenoir. The internal combustion engine was further improved by Nicolaus Otto and Eugen Langen among other engineers. The refined engines were more efficient and  were much lighter. 

One of the main reasons for this was the development of the four stroke cycle, which consisted of an intake stroke, a compression stroke, an expansion stroke, and an exhaust stroke. In the years that followed, further developments and newer complimentary technology occurred, pushed by engineers such as James Robson and Karl Benz. 

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In 1892, however, a new form of internal combustion engine came into being. The pioneer of this new engine type was Rudolf Diesel. His concept relied on injecting a liquid fuel into air that was heated only by compression. Yet, it took several years to develop a practical diesel internal combustion engine.

In the years that followed, numerous improvements continued to be made. For instance, various types of carburetors were developed to vaporize the fuel and mix it with the air as well as improved fuels.